The America Civil Liberties Union has created a free resource which outlines photographers' rights and tips on what to do if those rights are infringed upon.
From the ACLU:
Taking photographs of things that are plainly visible from public spaces is a constitutional right – and that includes federal buildings, transportation facilities, and police and other government officials carrying out their duties. Unfortunately, there is a widespread, continuing pattern of law enforcement officers ordering people to stop taking photographs from public places, and harassing, detaining and arresting those who fail to comply.To find out more, check out the ACLU article "Know Your Rights: What to Do If You Are Stopped or Detained Taking Photographs"